The aim of this module is to develop the learners knowledge, awareness, skills and competencies in a broad range of areas of professional practice. It is designed to give the learner an appreciation of the importance of inter and intrapersonal communication and to foster engagement with life long learning opportunities.

1. Identify why we communicate, be able to recognise a persons ego state, and if necessary be able to use the appropriate conflict resolution technique.

2. Apply EI Code of Ethics to any given situation whilst understanding the underlying ethical principles.

3. Investigate civil engineersplay in deploying innovative, sustainable, and nature-based solutions beyond the traditional engineering practices to overcome global issues and deliver Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s).

4. Contributeeffectively and professionally in a team environment.

5. Reflect on their learning practice and process over the year.

The work-based learning (WBL) module is an integral component of the Civil Engineering Apprenticeship Programmes. The module is designed to provide apprentices with the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to transfer and apply classroom learning to the workplace. The integration of academic theories with the professional work setting enables the apprentice to gain a wider breadth of application for the academic theories and positions covered in the classroom setting.

Individual experiences in the workplace environment will vary from apprentice to apprentice. The workplace learning element of the programme is designed in a flexible manner to ensure that each apprentice is given the opportunity to apply the knowledge, skills and competencies gained in the academic modules into a real-life workplace context.

1. Describe and communicate how the regulatory constraints affect the operations of the company, and how ethical considerations affect their conduct as a technician

2. Select the appropriate tools, methodologies and techniques to solve Civil Engineering problems, and design and implement solutions

3. Communicate findings to stakeholders and management, and work effectively as a team member

4. Apply management skills within their occupation as a technician

5. Analyse, measure performance and continuously improve company processes with innovative technical solutions

6. Demonstrate an ability to reflect on and analyse relevant themes throughout the academic session

7. Apply theoretical knowledge gained from academic modules to the Civil Engineering Profession

This module builds on the fundamentals of stress analysis covered in Civil Engineering Mechanics 102H (A), extending it to cover the analysis of statically indeterminate sections and composite sections in axial load and bending. Stresses resulting from shear and torsional loadings are examined. The relationship between bending and beam curvature is explored and applied.

1. Evaluate the stress resulting from axial loading on composite members and statically indeterminate members
2. Examine the state of stress resulting from unsymmetric bending, bending of composite sections, and combined bending and axial load
3. Derive and manipulate the fundamental formula to determine the stress for an element subject to shear
4. Derive and manipulate the fundamental formulae to determine the state of stress and angle of twist of elements subject to torsional loading
5. Examine the moment-curvature relationship and determine the equation of the elastic curve for statically determinate beams in bending.

This module introduces the principles of drinking water treatment and develops the learner's ability to assess water quality, understand contaminants and select suitable treatment processes. It includes introductory microbiology, focusing on microorganisms such as E. coli and their implications for monitoring and public health. Learners apply knowledge of physical and chemical treatment processes in design tasks and practical work on pilot-scale systems. They also develop skills in data collection, performance optimisation and the use of laboratory and computer-based monitoring to support safe and reliable operations.

1. Evaluate water pollutants, including microbiological contaminants, and their impact on raw water protection.
2. Analyse the principles, operation and performance of drinking water treatment processes for varying raw water qualities.
3. Design drinking water treatment process layouts for varying raw water qualities, integrating biological, chemical and physical treatment processes.
4. Analyse operational data from water treatment experiments to optimise system performance.
5. Analyse monitoring technologies used in drinking water treatment and their role in operational decision-making.

This module introduces students to the fundamental properties, behaviour, and performance of the key materials used in civil engineering practice. It covers the characteristics and engineering applications of aggregates, cement, concrete, timber, metals, and bituminous materials, with an emphasis on how material selection influences structural integrity, durability, and sustainability.

1. Describe the constituent materials in concrete and evaluate how their properties influence the behaviour and performance of the resulting concret
2. Specify & perform quality assurance testing on the concrete in the fresh and hardened state.
3. Describe types, production methods, properties and performance of metals, timber & bituminous materials
4. Perform as a team member in the execution, compilation and analysis of laboratory experiments
5. Compile, analyse and report the results and conclusions of laboratory work

This module develops fundamental and intermediate techniques in vector geometry and multivariable calculus essential for engineering analysis. Learners are introduced to vector operations, the geometry of lines and planes, and differentiation of functions of several variables. The module also covers key concepts in vector calculus, including gradient, divergence, and curl, and introduces constrained optimisation through the method of Lagrange multipliers. Emphasis is placed on analytical skills, geometric interpretation, and applications relevant to civil and structural engineering.

1. Compute scalar and vector products and use them to solve geometric problems in 3D
2. Formulate and analyse vector equations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space
3. Evaluate partial derivatives of multivariable functions and apply them to basic modelling tasks
4. Calculate and interpret the gradient, divergence, and curl of scalar and vector fields
5. Apply Lagrange multipliers to determine constrained maxima and minima of multivariable functions

This module studies the state of stress in structural elements resulting from combined loading and examines stress and strain transformation. The fundamental equations governing strut deflections are developed. Concepts such as shear flow and shear centre are also introduced.

1. Analyse the state of stress caused by combined loadings
2. Transform stress and formulate equations for the analysis of principal stresses and maximum shear stress
3. Formulate and apply equations for the analysis of plane strain and investigate failure criteria
4. Define/evaluate shear flow and determine the location of the shear centre for structural sections.
5. Formulate and apply the fundamental equations defining the buckling of struts

This module introduces the sources, characteristics, and impacts of domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewater, and examines approaches to reduce pollution before it reaches treatment systems. Students learn the core principles and processes used in wastewater treatment and apply them in both qualitative and quantitative contexts. The module includes hands-on operation of a pilot-scale system, with an emphasis on monitoring performance and making informed adjustments. Students also design key treatment stages and assess sludge treatment and disposal options with regard to efficiency, environmental protection, energy recovery, cost and regulatory requirements.

1. Evaluate the sources and characteristics of domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater and their impact on the receiving environment.
2. Analyse the fundamental qualitative and quantitative principles underlying wastewater treatment processes.
3. Analyse operational data from wastewater treatment experiments to optimise treatment performance.
4. Design preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment processes integrating physical, biological and chemical treatment principles.
5. Evaluate sludge treatment and disposal processes considering energy recovery, environmental protection, cost and regulatory compliance.

Geotechnical Engineering 202H(A) is an introductory module to soil mechanics. Topics covered include phase relationships, soil classification, seepage theory, effective stress and an introduction to consolidation theory.

Formal lectures are supplemented by laboratory classes where the learner undertakes practicals to examine the properties of soil.

1. Classify soils based on phase relationships, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits.
2. Determine flow qualities and pore pressures in seepage problems.
3. Define the concept of effective stress and apply the concept to undrained and drained behaviour in soils.
4. Compute soil settlement from elastic and 1-dimensional consolidation theories.
5. Design, implement and analyse experimental methods in the soil mechanics laboratory.

This module introduces the fundamental principles governing fluid behaviour in static and dynamic conditions, forming the foundation for later hydraulic design and hydrology modules. Learners gain a clear understanding of how pressure, velocity, and energy interact within hydraulic systems, and develop the ability to apply governing equations to simple engineering problems. The module equips students with analytical and problem-solving skills in hydrostatics, steady flow, dimensional analysis, and elementary open-channel hydraulics relevant to civil-engineering practice. It also emphasises the importance of practical, real-world engineering examples to ensure that theoretical concepts remain directly applicable to professional practice.

1. Explain the basic physical properties of fluids and describe how pressure varies in a fluid at rest.
2. Calculate and apply hydrostatic forces and moments on submerged and floating bodies.
3. Apply the continuity, energy, and momentum equations to steady flow in simple pipe and channel systems.
4. Analyse and interpret head losses, flow regimes, and hydraulic grade lines in basic pipe systems.
5. Use dimensional analysis to derive relationships between key hydraulic variables and to assess model–prototype similarity.

This module will provide the apprentice with theory and practice in the planning, coordination and control of construction and engineering projects.

1. Evaluate appropriate cost planning and cost management techniques for alternative Construction and Engineering Projects.

2. Apply project logic to tasks, estimate durations, use project management software to manage time and cash flow on Construction and Engineering projects.

3. Describe the procedures in European Public Procurement Directives

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the Management concepts that underpin effective Construction and Engineering Project Management.

5. Reflect on their learning practice and process over the year.

The work-based learning (WBL) module is an integral component of the Civil Engineering Apprenticeship Programmes. The module is designed to provide apprentices with the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to transfer and apply classroom learning to the workplace. The integration of the academic theories with the professional work setting enables the apprentice to gain a wider breadth of application for the academic theories and positions covered in the classroom setting.

Individual experiences in the workplace environment will vary from apprentice to apprentice. The workplace learning element of the programme is designed in a flexible manner to ensure that each apprentice is given the opportunity to apply the knowledge, skills and competencies gained in the academic modules into a real-life workplace context.

1. Analyse real world civil engineering projects by integrating taught theoretical principles, organisational practices and industry standards to clearly define engineering, operational or commercial problems.
2. Apply and critically evaluate mathematical, technical, management or financial methods to workplace civil engineering tasks, selecting and justifying appropriate approaches to analyse performance, cost, risk, resources or engineering behaviour.
3. Critically evaluate engineering and professional decisions taken in the workplace by assessing technical soundness, mathematical validity, financial impact and organisational constraints.
4.
Develop and justify a work based civil engineering case study that demonstrates the effective application of taught material to authentic engineering, managerial or commercial challenges.

5. Analyse and interpret qualitative and quantitative data, including engineering calculations, cost information, measurements, schedules or performance metrics to support evidence based conclusions.
6. Integrate theory, workplace practice and professional standards to formulate, support and defend engineering or managerial conclusions appropriate to the learner’s discipline focus.
7. Produce a professional standard technical report that synthesises relevant literature, workplace evidence, calculations or financial analysis and reflective evaluation in accordance with civil engineering conventions.
8. Evaluate personal professional performance and development in the workplace through an HR informed performance review, critically reflecting on technical competence, professional behaviours, learning progress and career development objectives.

This module builds on concepts covered in the Structural Mechanics 201H and Structural Mechanics 202H modules. The behaviour of sections when stressed above the elastic limit is explored. Methods to analyse statically determinate structures (including multiple component beams, pin-connected planar structures, cables and arches) to determine reactions, shear force, bending moments and slopes/deflections are detailed. Techniques to analyse statically indeterminate structures are introduced.

1. Analyse sections undergoing inelastic deformations
2. Identify and analyse statically determinate structures
3. Evaluate displacements and slopes in statically determinate beams
4. Determine displacements for statically determinate trusses, frames and composite structures
5. Analyse statically indeterminate beams and simple statically indeterminate frames

This module introduces Eurocode-based structural design for steel structures in buildings. It covers fundamental concepts of actions, limit states, and load combinations, alongside the design of key steel members and simple frames, with consideration of sustainability and durability.

1. Recognise the fundamental principles of Eurocode-based structural design, including limit states, actions, and load combinations.
2. Evaluate sustainability considerations in structural steel design and assess their influence on material selection and construction practices.
3. Select and apply structural analysis techniques and Eurocode provisions to analyse and design key structural steel elements in building frames.
4. Develop and present comprehensive structural steel design calculations in a clear, logical, and professional format.
5. Prepare and interpret steelwork sketches and drawings to effectively communicate design intent and constructability.

This module introduces fundamental concepts of probability, statistics, and numerical methods relevant to civil engineering. Learners develop skills in combinatorial probability, probability distributions, and descriptive statistics, and progress to inferential techniques including confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. The module also covers simple regression analysis for data interpretation and prediction. Emphasis is placed on practical applications, analytical reasoning, and the interpretation of statistical results in engineering contexts.

1. Apply elementary combinatorial methods to solve probability problems
2. Compute probabilities, expectations, and variances for standard probability distributions
3. Construct confidence intervals for population parameters based on sample data
4. Perform hypothesis tests to evaluate population parameters
5. Analyse data sets using simple regression models and interpret the results

Students learn to integrate sustainable energy and environmental practices into civil engineering projects. They will design renewable energy systems and evaluate the technical, environmental and financial implications of different technologies. The module covers noise and air pollution, including modelling, monitoring and mitigation that aligns with standards and community expectations. Students will also develop waste management strategies based on circular economy principles and justify their choices within regulatory and practical limits.

1. Design renewable energy systems for integration into civil engineering projects using modelling software and site-specific data
2. Critically evaluate the technical, environmental and economic trade-offs of renewable energy technologies in sustainable infrastructure development.
3. Analyse environmental noise impacts and design mitigation strategies in compliance with legislative and community requirements.
4. Design air quality monitoring programmes for complex sites in compliance with regulatory standards and engineering design requirements.
5. Design sustainable waste management systems for a civil engineering project, incorporating prevention, recovery, recycling and circular economy principles and defend design choices against regulatory and practical constraints.

Geotechnical Engineering 302H(A) is a follow-on module to Geotechnical Engineering 202H(A). This module examines more advanced topics in soil mechanics, including: the strength and consolidation characteristics of soil and site investigation practices. Formal lectures are supplemented by laboratory classes where the learner undertakes practicals to examine the strength and consolidation properties of soil.

1. Analyse the strength characteristics of saturated soil.
2. Formulate and apply consolidation theory to estimate settlement rates and magnitudes.
3. Create a specification for and evaluate the findings of a site investigation.
4. Use standard engineering laboratory equipment to perform experiments and record data and experimental evidence.

This module introduces Eurocode-based design of reinforced concrete structures in buildings. It covers durability, limit states, and sustainability principles, alongside the design of slabs, beams, columns, walls, foundations, and simple frames, supported by detailed calculations and drawings.

1. Explain the fundamental principles of Eurocode-based reinforced concrete design, including durability, limit states, and load combinations.
2. Evaluate sustainability considerations in reinforced concrete design and assess their impact on material selection and construction practices.
3. Select and apply structural analysis techniques and Eurocode provisions to analyse and design key reinforced concrete elements in building frames.
4. Develop and present comprehensive reinforced concrete design calculations in a clear, logical, and professional format.
5. Prepare and interpret reinforced concrete sketches, drawings and bar schedules to effectively communicate design intent and constructability.

This module introduces learners to the principles and practice of road and transportation engineering. It focuses on geometric design, traffic flow and control, sustainable transport planning, and the application of relevant Irish and European standards. Learners develop the ability to analyse and design functional, efficient, and safe road networks that integrate the needs of all users. The module also introduces key digital tools and software used in transportation analysis and planning.

1. Describe and explain the functional components of road and transport networks and their role in sustainable mobility systems.
2. Analyse and design road geometry, horizontal and vertical alignments, and junction layouts in accordance with TII Publications, DMURS and NTA Cycle Design Manual.
3. Evaluate traffic flow characteristics and apply capacity analysis, control methods, and sustainable mobility planning principles in urban and rural transportation contexts.
4. Describe the potential of selected transportation software/ tools for analysis, modelling, and visualisation.
5. Prepare a concise individual report or poster that integrates technical design, sustainability, and safety considerations in a transport scenario.

This module develops advanced understanding of fluid flow theory and its application to civil engineering systems. It covers boundary layer behaviour, surface roughness effects, and analysis of complex pipe networks and distribution systems. Learners evaluate steady and unsteady open channel flows and develop skills in interpreting laboratory and field hydraulic data. Building on this foundation, learners design and justify integrated hydraulic infrastructure systems—such as water supply, drainage, foul sewers, and SuDS—incorporating regulatory requirements, sustainability, and resilience principles.

1. Analyse the theoretical foundations of fluid flow, including boundary layer behaviour and surface roughness effects, and their application to complex pipe systems and distribution networks.
2. Evaluate steady and unsteady open channel flows (uniform and non-uniform) using analytical and numerical approaches for civil engineering applications.
3. Evaluate hydraulic laboratory and field data, identifying measurement uncertainty, scaling limitations, and sources of error to inform engineering judgement.
4. Design and justify integrated hydraulic infrastructure systems, including water supply, drainage, foul sewer networks and SuDS schemes, incorporating regulatory, sustainability and resilience principles.

The Research Methods module is designed to provide the appropriate research skills, knowledge and practical guidance necessary to complete a
Capstone Dissertation. This module provides students with a comprehensive introduction to the principles, strategies, and techniques of academic research. It equips learners with the skills necessary to design, conduct, and critically evaluate research within the discipline of Civil Engineering.

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the critical role and value of research within the civil engineering industry and formulate clear, focused research questions on a relevant topic of interest.
2. Conduct effective secondary research by critically reviewing existing literature and developing a coherent literature review or sector review framework.
3. Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate research methodologies, research designs, and data analysis methods required to undertake a civil engineering dissertation or research project.
4. Explain and apply ethical principles throughout the research process, recognising their importance in conducting responsible and professional research.
5. Construct and present a comprehensive research proposal—including an ethics application—that aligns research questions, methodology, data analysis, and ethical considerations.

This module consists of two main components: the Capstone Project and the Overall Performance Evaluation. The Capstone Project requires students to implement their research proposal by conducting independent, supervised research and producing an applied research report that addresses a real civil engineering problem or contributes to the discipline's knowledge base. Projects will be based on a civil engineering topic and may be connected to the learner's workplace but do not have to be. The Overall Performance Evaluation comprises two elements: a Mentor's Report and a Self-Appraisal. The Mentor's Report, completed by the workplace mentor, evaluates the student's progress against defined criteria and includes written feedback. The Self-Appraisal promotes self-regulated, lifelong learning and professional development by encouraging students to actively reflect on and engage with their own learning process.

1. Develop and refine a focused civil engineering research question grounded in relevant theory, industry challenges, or workplace practice.
2. Design and implement a coherent research methodology appropriate to an applied civil engineering study.
3. Collect, analyse, and interpret data independently, applying appropriate analytical tools to address the identified research problem.
4. Produce an applied research report that demonstrates critical evaluation and evidence-based conclusions relevant to civil engineering practice.
5. Demonstrate professional autonomy and initiative in planning, managing, and executing a substantial independent research project under supervision.
6. Integrate ethical, professional, and health-and-safety considerations into all stages of the research process.
7. Engage constructively with mentor feedback, demonstrating the capacity to evaluate performance against defined criteria and implement improvements.
8. Critically reflect on personal and professional development, demonstrating self-awareness, accountability, and the ability to identify areas for future learning and growth.

This module further develops the material covered in Structural Analysis 301H(A) to include the analysis of structural systems based on the flexibility and stiffness methods. The plastic analysis of beams and frames is considered. An introduction to structural dynamics is also provided.

1. Formulate and apply flexibility methods for the analysis of statically indeterminate structural systems
2. Model and analyse highly indeterminate structural systems subjected to vertical and horizontal loading using classical techniques.
3. Derive the structure stiffness matrix and apply it to analyse trusses, beams and frames
4. Formulate and apply appropriate methods for the plastic analysis of structural systems
5. Model and analyse simple structural systems subject to dynamic loading

This module extends reinforced concrete design from Structural Design 302(H)A to include combined pad foundations and retaining walls and introduces Eurocode-based timber design. Learners will explore durability, sustainability, and the design of timber elements and connections, supported by detailed calculations and drawings.

1. Explain the fundamental principles of Eurocode-based timber design, including durability, limit states, and load combinations.
2. Evaluate sustainability considerations in timber design and assess their impact on material selection and construction practices.
3. Select and apply structural analysis techniques and Eurocode provisions to analyse and design reinforced concrete foundations and timber elements in building frames.
4. Develop and present comprehensive reinforced concrete and timber structural design calculations in a clear, logical, and professional format.
5. Prepare and interpret reinforced concrete and timber sketches and drawings to effectively communicate design intent and constructability.

Numerical Modelling 401H(A) provides an introduction to numerical modelling in the areas of Geotechnical, Structural, Environmental, Traffic and Hydraulic Engineering. The learner is introduced to a variety of modelling techniques with real-world applications.

The learner will undertake projects modelling Geotechnical, Structural, Environmental, Traffic and Hydraulic Engineering problems.

1. Conduct least squares optimisation to data modelling.
2. Solve numerical solutions to differential equations.
3. Implement basic linear and non-linear optimisation.
4. Perform numerical integration and differentiation.
5. Utilise the finite element method on basic engineering problems.

This module integrates two complementary strands of road and transport engineering.

The first develops a comprehensive understanding of pavement design, materials, and maintenance, with an emphasis on sustainability, innovation, and life-cycle thinking. Learners study the behaviour of flexible and rigid pavements, design methods in accordance with Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) standards, and modern approaches such as the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA).

The second strand is a Transport Studies Laboratory, where learners work in teams to conduct real-world traffic and transport investigations. Building on skills acquired in Road & Transportation Engineering 302H(A), learners plan and perform a selection of five field/ desktop studies from traffic-flow measurements to user-behaviour surveys – analysing and presenting their findings in a technical report.

1. Distinguish between pavement types, structures, and materials, explaining their functional behaviour under different loading and environmental conditions.
2. Design flexible and rigid pavements in accordance with current TII and EU standards, incorporating sustainable materials and innovative technologies.
3. Evaluate pavement performance and maintenance strategies, applying life-cycle and sustainability principles.
4. Plan, organise, and execute team-based transport field studies safely and professionally, demonstrating sound data-collection and analysis techniques.
5. Interpret and present transport study results using appropriate visualisation and reporting methods, linking outcomes to design and planning decisions.

This module builds on the learning from Structural Design 301(H)A, 302(H)A and 401(H)A modules, and focuses on more advanced topics in building design, including sustainability assessment, formulation of design concepts and scheme development, structural stability and robustness, and approaches to the structural renovation of existing buildings. The module requires the learner to identify and formulate design concepts and evaluate traditional and sustainable construction options for the refurbishment of existing buildings and/or the design of new buildings.

1. Critically appraise sustainability principles and their integration into concept and scheme design for building structures.
2. Formulate and justify an appropriate structural scheme design, including determination of actions, stability system(s), approximate sizing of members, and load paths.
3. Evaluate and apply advanced analysis techniques for frame analysis, lateral stability and progressive collapse.
4. Develop and present conceptual sketches and preliminary calculations to support the scheme design of new buildings and refurbishment strategies for existing buildings.
5. Interpret and prepare design documentation, including drawings, calculations and specifications, to effectively communicate structural solutions for new and existing buildings.

Geotechnical Engineering 402H(A) builds on the learner's understanding of soil mechanics gained in Geotechnical Engineering 202H(A) and Geotechnical Engineering 302H(A). Geotechnical Engineering 402H(A) is a design-oriented module, where the learners prepare the design of shallow and deep foundations, gravity, embedded retaining walls and piles and earthworks.

A key element of this module is the preparation of design reports for foundations, walls, piles and earthworks to relevant national and European standards.

1. Determine the forces, moments and pressure distributions on gravity and cantilever retaining structures.
2. Design shallow and deep foundation systems.
3. Determine the stability of slopes using translational and rotational analysis techniques.
4. Evaluate and synthesise data from laboratory and field-testing to determine parameters for use in geotechnical design.
5. Appraise the suitability of materials and follow good construction practice in earthworks.

This module explores how civil engineering decisions shape environmental, social and economic outcomes. Students learn to apply tools and frameworks such as Life Cycle Assessment to quantify impacts across project life cycles, and examine how legislation, policy and climate targets influence practice. The module aims to develop the ability to design resource and energy management strategies at different scales, and to recommend balanced solutions that consider technical, managerial and ethical factors while supporting sustainable development.

1. Critically evaluate the environmental, social and economic impacts of civil engineering projects using appropriate tools and frameworks.
2. Conduct and interpret Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) to quantify impacts across the full life cycle of engineering materials and projects.
3. Critically assess the influence of legislation, policy, and climate commitments on engineering decision-making and project sustainability.
4. Develop sustainable resource and energy management strategies across multiple scales, from large construction projects to smaller operations.
5. Integrate technical, managerial and ethical perspectives to recommend solutions that balance cost-effectiveness, social equity and environmental stewardship.

This module covers key applied hydrology and coastal engineering concepts essential for civil engineering practice. It focusses on quantitative analysis of the hydrologic cycle and advanced methods such as frequency analysis and hydrologic modelling for design and risk assessment. In addition, students will learn to analyse catchment water balance, design and manage reservoirs, interpret hydrologic data, and address climate related hydrologic challenges.

1. Analyze the hydrologic cycle by quantifying precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff using hydrological methods and models for engineering design and water resources management.
2. Analyze hydrologic data using frequency analysis techniques, including return period estimation and extreme value distributions, to evaluate flood and drought risk for water resources design under changing climate conditions.
3. Design of reservoirs and analysis of catchment water balance formulation to evaluate reservoir outflows and then to control reservoirs.
4. Analyse hydrological data to interpret temporal variability in streamflow (manual calculations + computer simulations).
5. Explain the fundamental concepts of coastal engineering and describe the roles and responsibilities of civil engineers in managing coastal structures and environments to promote sustainable coastal development.